Here are two examples of each type of phrase along with an explanation:

Prepositional Phrase:

a. Example: "In the garden, the flowers bloomed."

Explanation: "In the garden" is a prepositional phrase that provides information about where the flowers bloomed.

b. Example: "With a smile, she greeted her guests."

Explanation: "With a smile" is a prepositional phrase that describes how she greeted her guests.

Gerund Phrase:

a. Example: "Swimming in the pool helps me relax."

Explanation: "Swimming in the pool" is a gerund phrase acting as the subject of the sentence.

b. Example: "Running marathons requires dedication and training."

Explanation: "Running marathons" is a gerund phrase functioning as the subject of the sentence.

Participial Phrase:

a. Example: "Feeling tired, she decided to take a nap."

Explanation: "Feeling tired" is a participial phrase modifying the subject "she."

b. Example: "Written by a famous author, the book became a bestseller."

Explanation: "Written by a famous author" is a participial phrase providing additional information about the book.

Infinitive Phrase:

a. Example: "To speak multiple languages is impressive."

Explanation: "To speak multiple languages" is an infinitive phrase functioning as the subject of the sentence.

b. Example: "She went to the gym to work out."

Explanation: "To work out" is an infinitive phrase that explains the purpose of going to the gym.

Appositive Phrase:

a. Example: "My friend, a talented artist, painted the mural."

Explanation: "A talented artist" is an appositive phrase that provides additional information about "my friend."

b. Example: "The city of Paris, known as the City of Lights, attracts millions of tourists."

Explanation: "Known as the City of Lights" is an appositive phrase providing additional information about "the city of Paris."

Adjective Phrase:

a. Example: "The bright, shining sun warmed the earth."

Explanation: "Bright, shining" is an adjective phrase modifying the noun "sun."

b. Example: "The tall, ancient tower stood tall against the sky."

Explanation: "Tall, ancient" is an adjective phrase describing the noun "tower."

Adverbial Phrase:

a. Example: "After the storm passed, we went outside."

Explanation: "After the storm passed" is an adverbial phrase that tells when we went outside.

b. Example: "With great care, she handled the delicate vase."

Explanation: "With great care" is an adverbial phrase describing how she handled the vase.

Noun Phrase:

a. Example: "The old, wooden desk creaked when I sat on it."

Explanation: "The old, wooden desk" is a noun phrase acting as the subject of the sentence.

b. Example: "Her favorite hobby is reading mystery novels."

Explanation: "Reading mystery novels" is a noun phrase acting as the predicate nominative.

Verb Phrase:

a. Example: "She has been studying for hours."

Explanation: "Has been studying" is a verb phrase consisting of the auxiliary verb "has" and the main verb "studying."

b. Example: "We will have completed the project by next week."

Explanation: "Will have completed" is a verb phrase indicating future perfect tense.

Absolute Phrase:

a. Example: "The sun having set, we decided to head home."

Explanation: "The sun having set" is an absolute phrase that provides additional information about the main clause "we decided to head home."

b. Example: "The meeting over, they went out for dinner."

Explanation: "The meeting over" is an absolute phrase indicating that the meeting has ended, providing context to the main clause "they went out for dinner."

Participle Phrase:

a. Example: "Walking quickly, she arrived at the station."

Explanation: "Walking quickly" is a participle phrase modifying the subject "she."

b. Example: "Confused by the instructions, he asked for help."

Explanation: "Confused by the instructions" is a participle phrase providing additional information about "he."